Incinerator

ABSTRACT

An incinerator having a support assembly structure which also conducts combustion air to a main combustion chamber and an afterburner. Refuse is fed into the main combustion chamber by a compactor which includes a refuse receiving chute having a wall which pivots for refuse compaction. The afterburner air feed system includes a first tangential set of air passages for gas mixing, a venturi section to create a positive draft, and a combustion air feed system. A temperature control regulates the air feed and afterburner temperature by adjusting air feed and fuel.

United States Patent 1191 Schrage [451 Jan. 15, 1974 INCINERATOR [75]Inventor: Donald J. Schrage, Germantown,

Wis.

[73] Assignee: Aqua-Chem, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.

{22] Filed: May 3, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 249,947

[52] US. Cl. 110/8 A, 110/8 C [51] Int. Cl. F23g 5/12 [58] Field ofSearch 110/8 R, 8 A, 8 C, 1 10/18 C [56] References Cited UNITED STATESPATENTS 3,567,399 3/1971 Altmann et al. i. I 10/8 1,995,723 3/1935 VanDenburg llO/8 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 898,237 6/1962 GreatBritain 110/8 A Primary Examinerl(enneth W. Sprague Att0rneyFred Wiviottet al.

[ 5 7 ABSTRACT An incinerator having a support assembly structure whichalso conducts combustion air to a main combustion chamber and anafterburner. Refuse is fed into the main combustion chamber by aCompactor which includes a refuse receiving chute having a wall whichpivots for refuse compaction. The afterburner air feed system includes afirst tangential set of air passages for gas mixing, a venturi sectionto create a positive draft, and a combustion air feed system. Atemperature control regulates the air feed and afterburner temperatureby adjusting air feed and fuel.

15 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTEB JAN 15 914 SHEET 2 OF 3INCINERATOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates toapparatus for the combustion of waste materials.

The elimination of solid waste materials has become a serious problem,particularly in crowded urban areas. While it was common practice, inthe past, to incinerate such materials, many prior art incinerators werenot satisfactory because they emitted gaseous and particulatepollutants. Many large and costly incinerating plants must discontinueoperation because they fail to meet current pollution control standards.There has been a number of proposals to eliminate incinerator pollutionby providing incinerators having a primary combustion chamber for theincomplete combustion of refuse and a secondary combustion chamber, orafterburner, for burning the combustible materials emitted from theprimary combustion chamber. However, because of the variation in thematerials to be burned and the intermittency of the material feed, manyof these prior art devices did not completely incinerate gaseous andparticulate pollutants prior to atmospheric discharge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide anew and improved refuse incinerating apparatus.

And her object of the invention is to provide refuse incineratingapparatus which minimizes the discharge of atmospheric pollutants.

A further object of the invention is to provide a combustion air systemfor incinerators which insures efficient combustion and minimizespollutant discharge.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an incineratorafterburner which effectively burns combustible materials dischargingfrom a primary combustion chamber.

These and other objects and advantages of the instant invention willbecome more apparent from the detailed description thereof taken withthe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a perspective view, withparts broken away, of an incinerator according to the preferredembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, with parts broken away, of theincinerator illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an end view, with parts broken away, of the incineratorillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross sectional view of the afterburner portion ofthe apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a view taken along lines55 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a view taken along the lines 6-6 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a view taken along the lines 7-7 of FIG. 4 and FIG. 8 is aview taken along lines 8-8 of FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In general terms, theincinerator 10 according to the preferred embodiment of the inventionincludes a main combustion chamber 11, an afterburner 12, and a materialfeed system 13. As will be described more fully hereinbelow, thematerialfeed system 13 is disposed in a metallic housing 14 mounted onthe main combustion chamber 10 and initially receives the refuse to beburned for compaction prior to feeding into the main combustion chamber11. The refuse is burned in the main combustion chamber 10 with lessthan the stoichiometric amount of oxygen. This forms gaseous combustionproducts which pass into the afterburner 12 where they are mixed withair for complete combustion prior to discharge into the atmosphere. Themain combustion chamber 11 and afterburner 12 are supplied withcombustion air by an air feed system 15.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the main combustion chamber10 may take any convenient shape. In the preferred embodiment of theinvention, the main combustion chamber 10 is shown to be generallycylindrical about a horizontal axis and to include a suitable outermetallic casing 16 and an inner refractory lining 17. A plurality ofelongate air feed pipes 18 extend longitudinally along the bottom of thechamber 11 and below the refractory lining l7. Extending upwardly fromeach of the pipes 18 are a plurality of short nozzles 20 which couplethe air pipes 18 to the interior of the chamber 11. The end of the pipes18 are coupled to a manifold 22 which in turn is coupled to the airsystem 15 in a manner which will be described more fully below. Becauseof the large number of nozzles 20, air passes upwardly into thecombustion chamber at a relatively low velocity. This reduces turbulencewhich might otherwise entrain particulate matter in the flue gas stream.An access door 24 is suitably mounted at the end of main combustionchamber 11 to permit the removal of ashes and noncombustibles.

The air system 15 includes a motor driven fan 25 which draws combustionair into the housing 14 through a louvered panel 27 and forces the samedownwardly into a plenum chamber 28. The plenum chamber 28 is coupled byconduits 29 and 30 to the hollow skids 32 and 33 of the incineratorsupport assembly. A hollow support leg 38 connects the skid 33 to themanifold 22 whereby combustion air is provided to the nozzles 20 of themain combustion chamber 11. A third conduit 40 extends upwardly from thehollow skid 32 and around the main combustion chamber 11 to open at itsupper end into a hollow support housing 42 beneath the afterburner 12and which opens into the afterburner air system as will be describedmore fully below. It can thus be seen that the support assemblyconsisting of the skids 32 and 33 and thersupport legs 35, 36, 37 and 38function as an integral part of the air system for the main combustionchamber 11 and the afterburner 12.

The material feed system 13 includes a generally rectangular enclosure44 the opposite ends of which are formed by a ram plate 45 and thecharging door 46 of the main combustion chamber 11. The enclosure alsoincludes a fixed bottom wall 48, a top wall 49 and a side wall 51. Oneside of the enclosure is normally open and may be closed by a sideclosure wall and compactor 52 which is pivotally mounted on top wall 49and adjacent the edge of the open side. Side closure 52 is substantiallythe same size as wall 51 and closes the open side of the enclosure whenit pivots from its full position as shownin FIG. 3 to its closedposition therein shown by dashed lines. Ram plate 45 is slidably mountedfor horizontal movement within enclosure 44 and its outer periphery isin substantial registry with the inner circumferential surface ofenclosure 44.

An access opening 54 is provided in the housing 14 for receiving trashto be burned. When the side closure 52 is in its open unpivoted positionshown by full lines in FIG. 3, its remote edge 55 is slightly above theupper edge of the opening 54. A pair of sector shaped panels 57 and 58extend radially inwardly from the housing 14 and adjacent the oppositesides of the access openings 54 to the sides of the enclosure 44 and toa position above the member 52. This forms a trash receiving chute 59extending from the opening 54 to tne enclosure 44 and bounded by theclosure member 52, the panels 57 and 58 and the housing 14.

The closure member. 52 is mounted for pivotal movement on a horizontalshaft 60 which has one end journaled at bearing 61 and whose other endis coupled to a rotary hydraulic motor 62. The bearing 61 and motor 62may be supported in housing 14 in any suitable manner well known in theart and will not be discussed in detail for the sake of brevity. Thepivotal axis of shaft 60 is coincident with the axis of curvature ofhousing 14 and the width of member 52 is substantially equal to theradius of said housing. In this manner, actuation of the hydraulic motor62 will pivot the member 52 to move end 55 along the inner surface ofhousing 14 to carry any trash between panels 57 and 58 into theenclosure 44. It will also be appreciated that this action will compactthe trash in the enclosure 44 and the chute 59 into the volume of theenclosure 44 itself.

A cylinder 67 is suitably mounted by brackets 68 and 69 above thefurnace charging door 46 and in a generally vertical direction. Aconnecting rod 70 couples a piston (not shown) disposed within cylinder67 to the upper end of the furnace door 46. When cylinder 67 is actuatedin a first sense, it moves furnace door 46 vertically upward from itsposition shown by full lines in FIG. 3 wherein opening 66 is covered toits position shown by dashed lines in FIG. 2 wherein opening 66 isuncovered. A pair of vertical guide rails 72 are mounted within housing14 and engage the opposite front edges of furnace door 46 to guide thelatter as it moves between its open and closed positions. Cylinder 67 isinterlocked with hydraulic motor 62 and closure member 52 so that door46 cannot be moved upwardly out of its closed position until closuremember 52 is fully closed.

While in the preferred embodiment of the invention one of the verticalsides of enclosure 44 is open, a different side could be open withoutdeviating from the inventive concept. For example, the top side could beopen with the remaining three sides closed and closure member 52pivotally mounted for downward movement to close said open top side.

As seen in FIG. 2, a second hydraulic cylinder 76 is suitably mounted ona bracket 77 below shaft 60 and in general parallelism therewith. Apiston (not shown) within cylinder 76 is coupled to the ram plate 45 formoving said plate horizontally within enclosure 44 upon the actuation ofcylinder 76. Cylinders 67 and 76 are interlocked so that cylinder 76cannot begin moving ram plate 45 toward the furnace door until thelatter has been raised to uncover the main combustion chamber chargingopening 66.

A refractory lined elbow 80 is shown in FIG. 2 to couple the upper endof the main combustion chamber 11 at a point above the feed opening 66to the afterburner 12. An ignition burner 82 of any suitable type wellknown in the art may be disposed in the vertical portion of elbow andgenerally coaxially with afterburner 12. Referring now to FIG. 4,afterburner 12 is shown to include a generally annular plenum chamber 84formed by a pair of spaced apart coaxial metallic shell members 85 and86 which are retained in a spaced relation to being suitably secured attheir opposite ends to a pair of annular rings 87 and 88.

The afterburner 12 also includes a shaped refractory lining 90 having afirst relatively short, generally annular inlet portion 92, a frustoconical section 93 which terminates in a relatively short reduceddiameter annular section 94 and a relatively long cylindrical section95. The sections 93 and 94 form a venturi to create a positive draftbetween the main combustion chamber 11 and the afterburner 12. Aplurality of air passages are formed through the various sections ofrefractory lining 90 to insure complete combustion of the gaseousproducts discharging from the main combustion chamber 11. Morespecifically, as seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, a first set of air passages 98are formed through the inlet portion 92 of the refractory lining 90 andextend from the plenum chamber 84 in the direction generally tangentialto the inside surface thereof of said section. The air passing throughpassages 97 therefore moves generally tangential to the inlet portioncausing a thorough mixing of the combustible gases emanating from themain combustion chamber 11 and the afterburner combustion air passinginwardly from the plenum chamber 84.

As seen more particularly in FIGS. 4 and 6, a second plurality of airpassages 99 extend from the plenum chamber 84 inwardly to terminate inthe reduced diameter portion 94. The passages 99 extend generallyinwardly toward the axis of the afterburner l2 and are inclinedgenerally in the direction of the gas flow. This tends to cause afurther mixing of the combustible gases and air as they pass through theventuri throat section 94 and into the afterburner combustion chamber95.

As seen in FIGS. 4, 7 and 8, a third and a fourth plurality of airpassages 100 and 101, respectively, extend through the refractory liningin the main combustion section 90 and are generally radially inwardlyfor providing oxygen to completely burn the gases exiting from the maincombustion chamber 11. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, theexit end 102 of the afterburner 12 will be connected to an exhauststack. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number,position and inclination of the air passages 97, 99, 100 and 101 areexemplary, and may vary with conditions without deviating from theinvention.

As seen more particularly in FIG. 3, a throttle valve is disposedbetween plenum chamber 28 and the duct 30. Valve 110 is operated by apositioning motor 111 which in turn is coupled through a current toposition transducer 111a to a control 112 responsive to a temperaturemeasuring probe 113 disposed within the afterburner 12. Control 112 isalso coupled to control through current to position transducer 114a tomotor 114 which in turn controls the fuel supply metering valve 115 forthe afterburner ignition 82. The tempera ture probe 113, control 112,transducers 111a and 114a and motors 111 and 114 will be constructed andarranged such that when the afterburner temperature rises apredetermined amount above a preselected temperature, such as 1,500 Ffor example, the valve 110 will be adjusted so that the air supply tothe main combustion chamber 11 will be throttled back as will the fuelto the ignition burner 82. On the other hand, when the afterburnertemperature falls a predetermined amount below the preselectedtemperature, valve 110 will be adjusted to increase the air flow whilethe fuel feed rate to burner 82 will also be increased. This insuresthat the afterburner 12 can effectively oxidize all of the combustiblegases emanating from the main combustion chamber 1].

In operation, the main combustion chamber 11 will be charged withcombustible material which will then be ignited. Ignition may beaccomplished either manually or by means of a burner, not shown. The fanand the afterburner ignition burner will be actuated simultaneously orprior to ignition in the main combustion chamber. The air supply to themain combustion chamber 11 will be regulated so that less than thestoichiometric amount of oxygen is provided. As a result, gaseouscombustion products, such as C0, are passed into the afterburner 12. Theventuri section 93-94 in afterburner 12 insures a positive draft throughelbow 80 and the air passages 97 and 99 insure a complete mixing of thegaseous combustion products and combustion air. Complete combustion ofthe combustible gases occurs within the main afterburner section 90 toeliminate the discharge of smoke or polluting gases. Further, bycontrolling the temperature in afterburner 12 to about l,500 F, thecombustion rate in the primary combustion chamber can be regulated to avalue which will insure complete combustion in afterburner 12.

The components of the control system just discussed may be of any wellknown type available in the art. For example, control 112 may be a Model537H-O0O- -000-1-00 temperature control; motors 111 and 114 may each beModel No. -569A valve motors; and transducers 111a and 114a may be model655A I to P transducers; all of such components being manufactured bythe Barber-Coleman Company.

The transducers 111a and 114a are operative to receive a signal from thecontrol 112 and to pass a second signal to the motors 111 and. 114respectively. When the signals received by the motors 111 or 114 aredifferent than the signal corresponding to the motor position, themotors will be repositioned to either further open or close itsrespective valve.

Preferably, the motor 111 will be provided with a wider operating rangethan the motor 114. In this manner, the fuel control valve 115 will moveto its minimum fuel position while the valve 110 is in mid-range. Thiswill provide substantial fuel savings because the valve 115 will be inits minimum position over a wide range of temperatures with adjustmentwithin this range being accomplished by the valve 110.

For example, the motor 114 and transducer 114a may be preset to operateover a range of 7-12 ma. range of signals from control 112 while motor111 and transducer 111a may be preset to operate over a 2-12 ma. rangeof signals. When the temperature in afterburner 12 rises to a pointwhere the signal from control 112 is less than 7 ma., the burner valve115 will be in its minimum position and further temperature control willbe achieved by adjusting valve 110. When the temperature in theafterburner 12 falls below the point where the signal from control 112exceeds 7 ma. both valves 110 and 115 will be adjusted to increase theair and fuel flow.

While refuse is being burned in the main combustion chamber 11, trashcan be loaded into chute 59. When chute 59 fills, the compactor 52 maybe actuated to compact the trash into enclosure 44. The compacted trashneed not be immediately charged into the main combustion chamber, butthe compactor 45 may be returned to its open position, the chute 59refilled and the compactor reactivated one or more times. Thussubstantially more trash may be charged into the main combustion chamber11 than merely the amount which the chute 59 and compartment 44 can holdin a single charging.

After the initial charge of refuse in the main combustion chamber 11 hasbeen substantially consumed, the compactor 52 will be moved to itsclosed position shown by dashed lines in FIG. 3 to close compartment 44.Piston 67 will then be operated to open furnace charging door 46 andpiston 76 operated to actuate the ram plate 45 and thereby charge thecompacted trash into the main combustion chamber 11. The ram plate 45may then be returned to its original position and furnace charging door46 closed permitting the compactor 52 to be reopened whereby furthertrash may be fed into chute 59 and enclosure 44.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the hot gases dischargingfrom the afterburner 12 may be employed in a waste heat recovery boileror the like.

The incinerator according to the invention provides a compact andeconomical waste disposal apparatus which effectively eliminates thedischarge of pollutants.

While only a single embodiment of the invention has been shown anddescribed, it is not intended to be limited thereby but only by thescope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An incinerator including a primary combustion chamber and anafterburner for burning the exhaust gases emitted from said primarycombustion chamber, said afterburner including inlet means connected tosaid primary combustion chamber and an outlet, gas supply means fordelivering an oxygen containing gas to said afterburner and includingfirst gas delivery means adjacent said inlet for directing said oxygencontaining gas tangentially around said inlet for mixing with saidexhaust gases, and second gas delivery means between said first deliverymeans and said outlet for delivering combustion oxygen radially intosaid afterburner.

2. The incinerator set forth in claim 1 and including venturi meansformed adjacent said inlet to create a positive draft in said primarycombustion chamber.

3. The incinerator set forth in claim 1 and including a burner adjacentsaid inlet.

4. The incinerator set forth in claim 1 wherin said afterburner includesa refractory lining, said first and second gas delivery means, eachcomprises a plurality of passages formed through said refractory lining,said first plurality of passages having their inner ends directedtangentially to the inner surface of said lining, and said secondplurality of passages having their inner ends directed radially relativeto said afterburner.

5. The incinerator set forth in claim 4 and including a metallic 'shellsurrounding said lining and spaced therefrom to form a plenum chambertherearound, said first and second passages being connected to saidplenum chamber, and coupling means coupling said plenum chamber to saidgas supply means.

6. The incinerator set forth in claim wherein said lining has a venturiadjacent said inlet and formed by a first frusto conical portion and asecond adjacent reduced diameter portion to create a positive draft insaid primary combustion chamber.

7. The incinerator set forth in claim 6 and including a third pluralityof passage means formed through said refractory lining at said reduceddiameter portion and being inclined from their outer ends toward saidoutlet.

8. The incinerator set forth in claim 7 and including a burner adjacentsaid inlet,

9. The incinerator set forth in claim 8 wherein said second plurality ofpassages comprises two spaced apart sets of passages, each set ofpassages comprising a plurality of passages spaced around the peripheryof said lining, and extending generally radially inwardly relative tosaid afterburner.

10. An incinerator including a primary combustion chamber and anafterburner for burning the exhaust gases emitted from said primarycombustion chamber, said afterburner including inlet means connected tosaid primary combustion chamber and an outlet, gas supply means fordelivering an oxygen containing gas to said afterburner and includingfirst gas delivery means adjacent said inlet for directing said oxygencontaining gas tangentailly around said inlet for mixing with saidexhaust gases, second gas delivery means between said first deliverymeans and said outlet for providing combustion oxygen, said afterburnerincluding a refractory lining, said first and second gas delivery meanseach comprising a plurality of passages formed through said refractorylining, said first plurality of passages having their inner endsdirected tangentially to the inner surface of said lining, a metallicshell surrounding said lining and spaced therefrom to form a plenumchamber therearound, said first and second passages being connected tosaid plenum chamber, coupling means coupling said plenum chamber to saidgas supply means, said lining having a venturi adjacent said inlet andformed by a first frusto conical portion and a second reduced diameterportion adjacent thereto to create a positive draft in said primarycombustion chamber, a third plurality of passage means formed throughsaid refractory lining at said reduced diameter portion and beinginclined from their outer ends toward said outlet, a burner adjacentsaid inlet, said second plurality of passages comprising two spacedapart sets of passages, each set of passages comprising a plurality ofpassages spaced around the periphery of said lining, and support meansfor said primary combustion chamber and said afterburner, said supportmeans including a hollow portion coupled between said gas supply meansand said plenum chamber.

11. The incinerator set forth in claim 1 and including a burner adjacentsaid inlet, fuel supply means for said inlet, fourth gas delivery meanscoupled to said gas supply means for delivering said oxygen containinggas to said primary combustion chamber, temperature measuring means insaid afterburner and means for controlling said fourth gas deliverymeans and said fuel supply means in accordance with the temperature insaid afterburner.

12. An incinerator including a primary combustion chamber and anafterburner for burning the exhaust gases emitting from said primarycombustion chamber, said afterburner including an inlet connected tosaid primary combustion chamber and an outlet, said afterburner alsoincluding a refractory lining and a metallic shell surrounding saidrefractory lining and spaced therefrom to form a plenum chambertherearound, said lining having a venturi adjacent said inlet and formedby a first portion having a frusto conical inside surface and a secondportion formed by a reduced diameter inside surface, a first pluralityof passages formed through said lining adjacent said inlet and a secondplurality of passages formed in said lining between said venturi andsaid outlet, said passages connecting said plenum chamber to theinterior of said refractory lining, said first plurality of passagesextending generally tangentially relative to said afterburner and saidsecond plurality of passages extending generally radially relative tosaid afterburner.

13. The incinerator set forth in claim 12 including a third plurality ofpassages extending between said plenum chamber and the reduced diameterportion of said lining, said third plurality of passages being inclinedtoward said outlet.

14. An incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, gas inlet meansfor introducing an oxygen containing gas into said primary combustionchamber, and gas supply means coupled to said gas inlet means, aplurality of support members disposed below said primary combustionchamber, a plurality of support legs engaging said support members andsaid combustion chamber for mounting said primary combustion chamber onsaid support members, at least one of support members and at least oneof said legs being hollow and coupling said gas supply means to said gasinlet means.

15. The incinerator set forth in claim 14 and includ ing an afterburnermounted on said primary combustion chamber and including gas inlet meanscoupled to

1. An incinerator including a primary combustion chamber and anafterburner for burning the exhaust gases emitted from said primarycombustion chamber, said afterburner including inlet means connected tosaid primary combustion chamber and an outlet, gas supply means fordelivering an oxygen containing gas to said afterbUrner and includingfirst gas delivery means adjacent said inlet for directing said oxygencontaining gas tangentially around said inlet for mixing with saidexhaust gases, and second gas delivery means between said first deliverymeans and said outlet for delivering combustion oxygen radially intosaid afterburner.
 2. The incinerator set forth in claim 1 and includingventuri means formed adjacent said inlet to create a positive draft insaid primary combustion chamber.
 3. The incinerator set forth in claim 1and including a burner adjacent said inlet.
 4. The incinerator set forthin claim 1 wherein said afterburner includes a refractory lining, saidfirst and second gas delivery means each comprises a plurality ofpassages formed through said refractory lining, said first plurality ofpassages having their inner ends directed tangentially to the innersurface of said lining, and said second plurality of passages havingtheir inner ends directed radially relative to said afterburner.
 5. Theincinerator set forth in claim 4 and including a metallic shellsurrounding said lining and spaced therefrom to form a plenum chambertherearound, said first and second passages being connected to saidplenum chamber, and coupling means coupling said plenum chamber to saidgas supply means.
 6. The incinerator set forth in claim 5 wherein saidlining has a venturi adjacent said inlet and formed by a first frustoconical portion and a second adjacent reduced diameter portion to createa positive draft in said primary combustion chamber.
 7. The incineratorset forth in claim 6 and including a third plurality of passage meansformed through said refractory lining at said reduced diameter portionand being inclined from their outer ends toward said outlet.
 8. Theincinerator set forth in claim 7 and including a burner adjacent saidinlet.
 9. The incinerator set forth in claim 8 wherein said secondplurality of passages comprises two spaced apart sets of passages, eachset of passages comprising a plurality of passages spaced around theperiphery of said lining, and extending generally radially inwardlyrelative to said afterburner.
 10. An incinerator including a primarycombustion chamber and an afterburner for burning the exhaust gasesemitted from said primary combustion chamber, said afterburner includinginlet means connected to said primary combustion chamber and an outlet,gas supply means for delivering an oxygen containing gas to saidafterburner and including first gas delivery means adjacent said inletfor directing said oxygen containing gas tangentially around said inletfor mixing with said exhaust gases, second gas delivery means betweensaid first delivery means and said outlet for providing combustionoxygen, said afterburner including a refractory lining, said first andsecond gas delivery means each comprising a plurality of passages formedthrough said refractory lining, said first plurality of passages havingtheir inner ends directed tangentially to the inner surface of saidlining, a metallic shell surrounding said lining and spaced therefrom toform a plenum chamber therearound, said first and second passages beingconnected to said plenum chamber, coupling means coupling said plenumchamber to said gas supply means, said lining having a venturi adjacentsaid inlet and formed by a first frusto conical portion and a secondreduced diameter portion adjacent thereto to create a positive draft insaid primary combustion chamber, a third plurality of passage meansformed through said refractory lining at said reduced diameter portionand being inclined from their outer ends toward said outlet, a burneradjacent said inlet, said second plurality of passages comprising twospaced apart sets of passages, each set of passages comprising aplurality of passages spaced around the periphery of said lining, andsupport means for said primary combustion chamber and said afterburner,said support means including a hollow portion coupled between said gassupPly means and said plenum chamber.
 11. The incinerator set forth inclaim 1 and including a burner adjacent said inlet, fuel supply meansfor said inlet, fourth gas delivery means coupled to said gas supplymeans for delivering said oxygen containing gas to said primarycombustion chamber, temperature measuring means in said afterburner andmeans for controlling said fourth gas delivery means and said fuelsupply means in accordance with the temperature in said afterburner. 12.An incinerator including a primary combustion chamber and an afterburnerfor burning the exhaust gases emitting from said primary combustionchamber, said afterburner including an inlet connected to said primarycombustion chamber and an outlet, said afterburner also including arefractory lining and a metallic shell surrounding said refractorylining and spaced therefrom to form a plenum chamber therearound, saidlining having a venturi adjacent said inlet and formed by a firstportion having a frusto conical inside surface and a second portionformed by a reduced diameter inside surface, a first plurality ofpassages formed through said lining adjacent said inlet and a secondplurality of passages formed in said lining between said venturi andsaid outlet, said passages connecting said plenum chamber to theinterior of said refractory lining, said first plurality of passagesextending generally tangentially relative to said afterburner and saidsecond plurality of passages extending generally radially relative tosaid afterburner.
 13. The incinerator set forth in claim 12 including athird plurality of passages extending between said plenum chamber andthe reduced diameter portion of said lining, said third plurality ofpassages being inclined toward said outlet.
 14. An incinerator having aprimary combustion chamber, gas inlet means for introducing an oxygencontaining gas into said primary combustion chamber, and gas supplymeans coupled to said gas inlet means, a plurality of support membersdisposed below said primary combustion chamber, a plurality of supportlegs engaging said support members and said combustion chamber formounting said primary combustion chamber on said support members, atleast one of support members and at least one of said legs being hollowand coupling said gas supply means to said gas inlet means.
 15. Theincinerator set forth in claim 14 and including an afterburner mountedon said primary combustion chamber and including gas inlet means coupledto said hollow support members.